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Some questions that many people don't ask when filling out their college applications, but which really affect the quality of college life:
0. Is the dormitory a bunk bed with a desk underneath?

1. Are there air conditioners in the classrooms and dormitories?
2. Is there a private bathroom? If not, how far is the bathhouse from the dormitory?
3. Are there morning and evening self-study sessions?
4. Is there a morning run?
5. What is the requirement for running each semester in terms of kilometers? Can I ride a bike?
6. How long are the winter and summer vacations, and how long is the mini-semester each year?
7. Does the school allow takeout? How far is the takeout pickup location from the dormitory?
8. Is the school conveniently located? Is there a subway? Is it in the city center? If not, how long does it take to get into the city?
9. Does the dormitory have washing machines?
10. How is the campus network?
11. Is there a daily power and internet outage? What time does it start?
12. Are the cafeteria prices high? Is there a risk of finding foreign objects in the food?
13. What are the hot water supply times for showers?
14. Can you ride electric bikes on campus? Where can you charge the batteries?
15. What are the electricity restrictions in the dormitory? Will prohibited appliances be confiscated?
16. Is there a place for overnight self-study?
17. Can freshmen bring laptops?
18. What kind of card is used on campus, and how is the cafeteria payment made?
19. Does the school provide students with bank cards?
20. How is the school supermarket?
21. What is the school's policy on receiving and sending packages? What types of packages can be sent? How far is the package pickup point from the dormitory? What are the working hours of the package pickup point?
22. How many types and how many shared bikes are available on campus?
23. What is the current situation regarding campus access control?
24. Are dormitory inspections conducted at night? Are dormitories locked? Can latecomers return?

To be supplemented:
The conditions at universities are really not as good as many people imagine, especially in many older campuses. Besides the strength of the school itself, it is still recommended that everyone learn more; otherwise, college life can feel like serving a sentence.

If you see this content, it means you are about to graduate from a single evaluation system and face your first decision in life that is not entirely related to scores—choosing a university. Here is a guide to applying for universities that you may have never seen before (if you have seen it, that's great). Perhaps it can help you avoid some common pitfalls, or perhaps it cannot, but in any case, I hope it can do a small bit of work.

1. Schools that match your scores
   After you receive your college entrance examination scores and corresponding rankings, you should look for schools or specific majors that are close to your ranking.

You may have some confusion about whether to choose a major or a school. There is no absolute priority in this matter; aside from some so-called "prestigious majors" created by certain schools, the differences among majors at each school (assuming they teach the same content) may not be significant. Therefore, if you are already fed up with the competition and do not want to waste another year on major transfer assessments, you can prioritize matching your major; if you believe you need to maximize your score utilization and can still tolerate another year of competition, and are confident that you can successfully transfer majors, you can prioritize matching schools.

If you are interested in the top majors at the school you plan to attend, or those that do not directly recruit students, remember to understand the situation in advance.

If you have no thoughts about your major, please come up with an idea as soon as possible. If you still have none, then just choose a school; although this may not be a good decision.

However, choosing a school can also be a confusing matter—it may be a matter of chance, and the consequences it brings (or, to put it more positively, the future) may not be felt until four years later. Therefore, there is no need to expect to make a 100% optimal decision; just finding a current answer is enough. The rest can only be left to time to answer.

2. Admissions Office
   You will definitely need to consult the admissions office of each school to understand the situation.

Do not fully trust the answers given by the admissions office, do not automatically filter out "possibilities," and clarify further questions.

What the admissions office tells you is often just the tip of the iceberg of the university. Relying solely on their answers is far from enough; you also need to learn more on your own.

3. What exactly is your chosen major?
   The ultimate answer is: look at the training program.

When you become interested in a specific major at a certain school, please take the time to search for its training program on search engines to understand what you need to learn in college. Please note that the content of similarly named majors may vary significantly between different universities. If you cannot find it, try to ask seniors or the admissions team. If you do not understand the course names or descriptions, you can search a bit to get a brief understanding. However, course names and major names are equally unreliable, but the cost of finding course outlines may be very high, so asking more is a good choice.

If you encounter a major recruitment—please be 998244353% careful. Be sure to ask clearly about the major diversion situation, estimate which majors you might be diverted to, and prepare for the worst, especially when there are extremely different majors within a major group. If you need to achieve good grades in your freshman year to transfer to a good major, thus being forced to continue participating in competition during your first year of college, please feel free to compete, as long as you are clear that this may be the last time you rely on this single evaluation system. (For graduate school applications, please maximize your advantages.)

4. Variables you should really pay attention to
   Should you pay attention to major ratings? Unless the university has stated the resource allocation situation for undergraduates (such as Tsinghua University's cross-disciplinary programs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University's ACM class, etc.), most situations probably do not require it. For example, you may not feel much difference between a major rated A- and a major rated C at different schools, as they may be equally poor.

Should you pay attention to the school atmosphere? Yes, this is very important. The overall atmosphere of a school is likely to implicitly shape your future development. The resources provided by the school as a whole, academic tendencies and atmosphere, and various aspects of daily life, even the cultural atmosphere, will affect your life and development. Therefore, if possible, ask seniors what their daily lives are like, ask a few more, and then compare.

Is the standard of living important? Yes, it is more important than a considerable amount of content. There is now a very good reference for college living standards, namely colleges.chat, where you can visit this website for very detailed information; you can also ask seniors. If there are conditions that cannot be tolerated, please be very careful.

Is the teaching level important? Extremely important, but it is useless. Since you choose to study for your undergraduate degree in China, do not have any expectations for the teaching level. Generally speaking, if you focus on the range from third-tier to first-tier universities, the higher the score, the greater the probability of encountering quality teaching; but if you focus on all 985 universities in such a small range, the teaching quality is highly random. You must be prepared for self-study. Of course, you can still ask seniors about the teaching level—if they only say that a few teachers teach well, then be careful.

(Supplement) Is research level important? Not necessarily important. Originally, I wanted to say it is not important, but now some schools are willing to provide undergraduates with sufficient real research opportunities, so it depends. Generally speaking, research-related content is not closely related to lower-grade undergraduates, so even if a certain discipline at a university becomes a specialty, it does not prevent its teaching from being poor. At the same time, for undergraduates, research is often about becoming labor, although learning how to become qualified labor is also very important, but this may be far from the research life you imagine; at the same time, entering the laboratory early is sometimes not a good thing. Therefore, if you have a strong desire for research, please understand what opportunities your desired school is willing to provide you, and please rationally face the reality of research and the academic community in this era.

5. If you have already made a choice
   First of all, congratulations, you can continue to have a happy and carefree summer vacation. Say goodbye to those who make you self-study, because this is your last pressure-free summer vacation where you can seriously feel the world. Wasting time learning some general education courses is a very bad choice.

Of course, you can also choose to learn some interesting content casually. The content learned during the two-month summer vacation may be covered in two weeks after school starts, so it does not matter how much content you learn.

Finally, I hope that from now on, you will no longer be a child.

https://colleges.chat/archived/universities/zhong-hua-nu-zi-xue-yuan/

Obstacles to Studying Abroad#

Schools that may face obstacles in studying abroad. If you plan to study abroad, consider this list when filling out your applications.

10043 Ban-related universities:
Seven Defense Universities (see below)
Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications
U.S. Entity Sanctions List
Sichuan University
Tongji University
Tianjin University
Nanchang University
Hunan University
Renmin University of China
University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
Beijing Institute of Technology
Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications
National University of Defense Technology
Nanjing University of Science and Technology
Xi'an Jiaotong University
Northwestern Polytechnical University
Harbin Institute of Technology
Harbin Engineering University
Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Seven Defense Universities
Beijing Institute of Technology
Northwestern Polytechnical University
Nanjing University of Science and Technology
Harbin Institute of Technology
Harbin Engineering University
Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Six Military Engineering Schools
Nanjing University of Science and Technology
Harbin Engineering University
National University of Defense Science and Technology
PLA Armored Forces Engineering College
PLA Chemical Defense Command Engineering College
PLA University of Science and Technology National Defense Engineering College
Seven Military Industries
Zhongbei University
Beijing Institute of Technology
Nanjing University of Science and Technology
Changchun University of Science and Technology
Shenyang University of Technology
Xi'an University of Technology
Chongqing University of Technology
Universities that have withdrawn from international university rankings:
Renmin University of China
Nanjing University
Lanzhou University

📌
SurviveSJTUManual

Determination Section
What do you want to do?
By Lianke Qin

Zeng Guofan once said: "The first requirement for a scholar is to have ambition, the second is to have knowledge, and the third is to have perseverance. With ambition, one will not be content to be mediocre; with knowledge, one knows that knowledge is endless and dares not be satisfied with one achievement, like the river god observing the sea or the frog in the well looking at the sky, both are ignorant; with perseverance, nothing can be accomplished without it. All three are indispensable." Former Principal Tang Wenzhi also discussed that studying should aim to achieve first-class knowledge, career, and talent. Students at Jiaotong University should continuously enhance their knowledge during their four years of undergraduate study, gradually develop a clearer plan for what they truly want to do in the future, and strive to achieve it persistently.

Get rid of the "I failed the exam" mentality and the linear thinking instilled by past education#

Due to historical reasons, there are two famous TOP2 universities in our country. After decades of concentrated construction, there is still a significant gap in the overall development of disciplines between Qingbei and the second-tier universities, and the source of admitted students is also different. Many high school teachers believe in the "only Qingbei theory," and some students may have a "I failed the exam" mentality when they first enroll. Jiaotong University indeed has several cases each year of students who are dissatisfied with their majors or schools and drop out to retake the college entrance examination. If, after careful analysis of your true strength and the opportunity cost of retaking a year, you find it feasible, you should communicate with your family early about returning to high school to prepare for the next year's college entrance examination. If you choose to continue studying at Jiaotong University, you will find that the future path is still broad. You will have the opportunity to apply for undergraduate transfers to overseas universities or apply for master's and doctoral programs at prestigious overseas universities in your senior year. Therefore, what you should focus on most is how to make good use of the resources provided by Jiaotong University over the next four years to continuously improve yourself.

The college entrance examination is ultimately a stage-based selection method. No selection method can be comprehensive enough to help universities admit the students they most desire. Since primary and secondary education is almost entirely aimed at college entrance examination selection (except for students studying abroad), many students unconsciously form a linear thinking pattern. In college, there will also be a credit evaluation standard, but college is no longer like college entrance examination admission, which relies solely on grades to linearly evaluate a person's excellence. The development of everyone at graduation is not closely related to their college entrance examination scores upon admission; countless opportunities await you to seize during those four years, and they will greatly influence the direction of your future life. After graduation, you will find that although statistically speaking, the better the graduating school, the higher the achievements, the variance in the career paths of graduates from each school can be unimaginable.

Quickly gain an in-depth understanding of your major#

Most students have very few information channels to understand the mainstream majors offered by universities during their secondary education, coupled with their own cognitive limitations and the possibility of being adjusted when filling out college applications, most students know very little about the majors they are admitted to. However, with the popularity of major recruitment, engineering platforms, and science platforms, students will undergo major diversion after a period of time in school, and the school also provides most students with the opportunity to transfer majors. Before that, you should try to increase your understanding of your major as much as possible, because the opportunity to transfer majors is only available two or three times. If you miss it and then realize that you do not like your current major, your next opportunity to change careers will only be after graduation. Information channels include, but are not limited to:

The most basic is to search online for some general introductions to your major, which can refer to Baidu Encyclopedia, the college's official website (including faculty, training plans, major rankings, etc.), official employment and further education statistics, Q&A websites like Zhihu, etc. However, this content often lacks specificity and is not interactive, unable to respond to your questions in a timely manner.

Before entering college, most students can deepen their understanding of their major through:#

Relatives who work in relevant fields in first- and second-tier developed cities and have received higher education. If they can provide some examples of the career paths of graduates from that major in recent years, that would be best. However, be cautious if they are far removed from the actual production environment and cite outdated examples, as this information is often of very limited use because society is still undergoing rapid changes, and the paths of people from ten or even five years ago may no longer apply to you. Do not blindly trust the classical saying that "the older you get, the more valuable you become."

Freshman groups will have enthusiastic seniors introducing the major, through whom you can better understand the department's training plan and specific course content, but since they are mostly junior students themselves, they often have little understanding of the long-term development prospects of their major.

In the first year of college, you can:#

Communicate more with the younger teachers in the department to increase your understanding of the field, listen to their life trajectories, and the experiences of their classmates who have gone to the industry are also very helpful. Older professors may be detached from the front line of research and production and may not have the energy to answer questions from a freshman.

Communicate with senior undergraduates and graduate students in the department to understand their specialized directions and the situation regarding employment or further studies after graduation. If possible, you can consolidate this information and share it with other students in the department and future incoming students, which would be a good deed.

Engage with employees from companies that come to the department for fall recruitment to further understand the current situation of the industry related to your major.

Recognize your own skill set#

With the expansion of undergraduate, master's, and doctoral programs, China is beginning to enjoy the "engineer dividend," with the educational level of workers in various industries steadily improving. Upgrading China's manufacturing industry is also one of the national strategies. However, there is currently a mismatch between the number of new mid-to-high-end job openings and the increasing number of university and graduate graduates. Coupled with the economic slowdown, we see news every year about the "most difficult employment season for college students." Graduating from Jiaotong University is enough to get you multiple offers when looking for a job, but if you want to go to your ideal company and position, you need to have a clear understanding of your skill set and the technical requirements of your target position, and timely fill in the gaps. The skills you may need in the future include, but are not limited to:

Professional knowledge in your major, which is fundamental to your survival and existence, and a medium- to long-term judgment of your field.

Communication skills, how to persuade your boss and customers to understand and accept your ideas and products.

The ability to search for, filter, summarize, visualize, and secure information.

Interpersonal skills, to showcase your value to others and find the right friends to seek help when you need it.

Stress resistance, mainly the ability to adapt, tolerate, and endure adversity, to cope well with setbacks in life and work.

Independent thinking, to avoid being led by incorrect information in an age of information overload.

Time management, in the days ahead, you will be consumed by the daily grind and many trivial matters outside of work and study, and no longer have your parents handling most things for you. You need to efficiently manage and utilize the remaining time.

What do you want to do during your four years of undergraduate study?#

Assuming you are starting your life game at a desirable university (Jiaotong University) studying a major you like, then your starting point is already among the top 1% of your peers. As mentioned earlier, the evaluation standards for students after entering college begin to diversify and will no longer require you to focus solely on improving your college entrance examination scores as the ultimate goal. You can enter a professor's laboratory to assist in research after learning the basic knowledge of your major, team up with like-minded classmates to try small entrepreneurial projects, or intern at well-known companies to participate in valuable projects to enhance your resume's competitiveness. You can also participate in student organizations or clubs that interest you to help Jiaotong University escape the "cultural desert" (but we must remind you that the quality of student organizations and clubs on campus also follows the 80/20 principle, and only a few are worth joining). You can participate in many international competitions to bring glory to Jiaotong University... Looking ahead, your undergraduate years will be the most free and cost-effective four years of your future life. You cannot "grasp all and win all," but you should walk your own unique path. Jiaotong University is large enough to accommodate your different learning and living styles.

What do you want to do after graduating from college?#

Four years is long, yet short. Some students will enjoy the comfortable life on campus, unknowingly being boiled like frogs in warm water (especially those majoring in humanities and social sciences). The relatively stable and comfortable life on campus seems very luxurious to those who have already become "social animals." The skills needed to survive and thrive in society are often cultivated in the campus environment, and you need to jump out of this illusion of comfortable living at the right time to lay a solid foundation for future work in the industry/academic world. If you procrastinate until the end of your undergraduate studies and find yourself lost and unsure of how to establish yourself in society, students with high GPAs may still rely on graduate school applications to delay their entry into society (of course, many students set the goal of applying for graduate school from the beginning and have not considered entering society directly), while students with poor academic performance may have to prepare for the graduate entrance examination as they did for the college entrance examination, and the difficulty of the graduate entrance examination has visibly increased in recent years. After entering society, the branches of life are much more numerous than in school, and I won't list them all here. Being protected for too long in the ivory tower can easily lead to disconnection from reality, and these things must be left for you to explore on your own.

Random Thoughts#

"Understanding many principles, yet still unable to live a good life." In the future, thousands of people may read this booklet, but everyone's circumstances after graduation will vary greatly, which may be due to differences in cognitive ability, luck and opportunity, execution ability, and support from family.

Failed Mindsets#

We have been educated from elementary school, middle school to university, and the independent rational thinking ability that was already scarce in our hearts has long been exhausted. There are countless failed mindsets, and here we only list some of the most prevalent thoughts among our peers.

College Entrance Examination Mindset#

Our system tends to summarize and measure a person with a quantifiable score. This system peaks in the college entrance examination. In college, we will also face countless quantitative scoring mechanisms: from various subject exams, comprehensive evaluations, to graduation, studying abroad, and working in Shanghai... all involve dealing with scores. In the face of these scores, we must remain clear-headed:

If a person makes policy scoring their highest pursuit, then they are a victim of that policy.

Even if you master the content in textbooks, it does not mean you truly understand the subject (on the contrary, those who truly understand may not be able to answer high scores on exam points). Please remember: the four years of college are for your life; by the time you graduate, that string of pale scores will have already become invalid.

Passive Thinking#

No matter what we do, we need to give ourselves a reason. Every day, under the pressure of life, we are busy without opinions, which can be called a great tragedy of life.

When we step into the university gate, the biggest question we face is: why attend classes? Perhaps the question itself is too shallow that we are even too lazy to think about it. But who among us has truly thought about this question effectively?

"I'm afraid the teacher will call my name," "to copy notes and homework," "to record exam highlights"... these words are at best excuses for being forced to attend classes, but they cannot become our genuine reasons for attending classes.

The only reason that can truly motivate us to attend classes is our thirst for scientific and cultural knowledge.

If attending classes does not significantly affect your exam scores; if the knowledge we are interested in is not on the school's course schedule; if the learning effect of attending classes is poor and the efficiency is low, to the extent that we can master knowledge through self-study in a shorter time; then do you still need to attend classes?

Correctly Wasting Remaining Time#

If a graduation diploma is a value-added service, then four years of college is an investment. Speaking of investment, please imagine if you currently have five million cash, how do you plan to invest it? Perhaps you would use this money to speculate in stocks, real estate, foreign exchange, mutual funds, or start a business. However, I think very few people our age would agree to convert that money into gold, silver, and jewelry and store it in a safe. Of course, given the current trend of inflation, the interest earned by depositing money in the bank may not even keep up with the depreciation rate.

The reason we do not agree with the idea of converting money into gold and silver for preservation is that we know that possessing this wealth should not mean sitting idle; it should contain greater power, bring broader opportunities, and generate richer returns under our manipulation!

Compared to the precious youth, the tuition and living expenses we need during school can almost be ignored. The truly valuable chips we invest are time. In the face of golden time that can change your life trajectory, do you feel its weight? Have you thought about how to plan this huge investment?

If you are a good student, attending classes diligently every day from morning to night, doing homework well, preparing for lessons, reviewing, and sleeping well until lights out, living such a positive, healthy, and moderate life, but lacking effective self-management (if you follow the school's plan, you will find that your free time is pitifully little). Then, retreating like this is no different from putting your youth in a safe and letting it wither away with time. We must remember this golden rule:

A mediocre lifestyle is a narcotic. It will only bind you, make you ineffective, and even lead you to spend four years of college without any achievements.

No matter whether what you do is meaningful—doing nothing at all, time will slip away from us. We must reflect on ourselves three times a day, asking whether today's time was spent valuably.

Generally speaking, the value of a task depends on its efficiency in terms of time scale. With the same effort, we should try to do more things that have a positive impact on our entire lives, do fewer things that impact the mid-term future, and do nothing that only affects the short-term. Of course, things that have a negative impact should be avoided the most. In this sense, spending appropriate time on physical exercise can benefit us for a lifetime, which is worth doing; but even if it takes the same amount of time, we should not play games, because that only brings fleeting empty spiritual pleasure. Of course, appropriate relaxation to ensure a good mental state is essential; otherwise, various pressures may lead you to spend more time adjusting your mental state.

In fact, it is not just about exercising and playing games. We must rationally and critically consider whether attending classes, studying, and taking exams are truly worth doing to make the right decisions.

Many students attend classes for the sake of GPA. The mistake of these students is that they do not realize that there are many more effective ways to improve GPA than attending classes. For specific implementation of various methods, please refer to Chapter 3 "Survival Skills"; at the same time, these students have not considered whether GPA itself is an important matter. We regret to admit that due to the guidance of public opinion, GPA has almost become everything in our university life. In the short term, it is absolutely important. Unless you want to apply for graduate school or transfer majors, in other cases, GPA is definitely not the most important factor. Especially for students studying abroad, the role of grades has been exaggerated. This point will be discussed in detail in the section "Studying Abroad for the Purpose of Studying Abroad."

If we look a little further ahead, even just one or two years after graduation, GPA will depreciate to nothing. Should we compromise our long-term goals for this "stepping stone"?

The principle of time management is really simple: successful people often talk about the professional qualities they developed during their school years, but almost no mature (or even unsuccessful) person likes to show off their top grades in advanced mathematics.

At other times, we may find a more legitimate reason for "attending classes": learning knowledge. Regarding the teaching quality of college classrooms and the so-called "problem-solving skills" that classrooms focus on, I no longer want to elaborate. In short, the efficiency of acquiring useful knowledge in class is so low that any effective self-study method can easily yield greater returns. For example, an English class for a semester, with four classes per week totaling 48 hours. In class, we have to endure half the time listening to classmates' fragmented English. However, spending the same amount of time, a normally intelligent student can completely memorize 2,000 words (this number is based on the preparation status of many GRE test-takers). These 2,000 words are enough to elevate your overall English level. I dare ask, what can you learn in a semester of English class? At most, you can only memorize the already poor textbook. Of course, the English class is just an example; you will find that there are almost more reprehensible examples around you, many of which are worse than the English class. These things often include (but are not limited to):

• Student meetings. Almost all student meetings, whether held in large auditoriums or small-scale meetings temporarily occupying classrooms, have one common point: they are utterly inefficient.

• Disorganized student activities. Usually, in unorganized collective activities, waiting for people and chatting will take at least half an hour. It even raises doubts about whether the theme of the activity is just waiting for people and chatting.

• Time-consuming and laborious tasks that are not rewarding, but are difficult to refuse due to face. Many teachers or student leaders like to use people as labor. But you must always be clear that your identity is not that of a temporary worker. The concepts of "helping in emergencies" and "work" must be treated differently.

We should have a sufficient understanding of the workload planned for our time. From one hour to one day, from a summer vacation to a semester, or even four years of college, making a practical plan and feeling guilty for not completing it is the most basic requirement. The main difference between so-called outstanding individuals and most mediocre individuals lies in whether there is time to utilize; on the other hand, it is the utilization rate of time. We must always maintain a sense of urgency to ensure that time is not wasted. As long as you can correctly utilize the time during your studies, you do not need superhuman talent—even without particularly hard work, you can excel in your field.

Understanding Information Literacy#

Information literacy includes searching for and acquiring information, understanding and absorbing it, evaluating, using, processing, presenting, and ensuring information security. The courses and lectures offered by the Jiaotong University Library teach research information literacy; only by mastering basic information literacy can one better understand research information literacy.

Unfortunately, most students do not possess information literacy when entering college, and some students may still not understand information literacy even after graduating from college. In recent years, everyone has become aware of the term "information gap" and understands the value it implies. The information gap is actually a manifestation of the skills of searching, acquiring, and using information within information literacy.

A foreseeable consequence of not mastering information literacy is that when a teacher informs you that the programming course requires the use of VSCode, you search for "VSCode download" on Baidu, click on the first "result," and download "VSCode Download Assistant" under the lure of advertisements, then open your phone to scan the code and pay a "membership fee" of 69 yuan.

The manifestation of information literacy in college studies can be simply listed as follows:

Where can I download the official PPT template?

How to view the academic calendar?

How to access the campus network from off-campus?

How to find the information and location of the books I want to borrow in the library?

What should I do if I receive an email saying my password will expire today?

If readers find themselves completely unaware of these after comparing, it is time to learn about information literacy.

Learning Information Literacy
I will list some very practical advice regarding information literacy:

Before asking questions, try to search the internet, search the chat records in the group, group files, group announcements, but please be careful to distinguish outdated information.

For policy-related matters, be sure to check the official website/public account for notifications and the original text of documents. Information within Jiaotong University can be found on the university's homepage, or you can directly search keywords on Baidu.

Do not take pictures of the screen with your phone; learn how to take screenshots.

When sending mass emails, make good use of the BCC/CC function.

QR codes and barcodes have error tolerance; please cover all codes when coding.

Before sending documents, please delete author information.

For Office: "File—Info" can be checked, and "Inspect Document" can be used to delete.

For Windows: Right-click the file, click "Properties," and you can view and delete in "Details."

Before sending links, shorten the links to prevent spamming and protect privacy: link tracking introduction, link tracking solutions.

Make good use of third-party scripts; web-based Tampermonkey can carry many excellent plugins, such as: jAccount verification code automatic recognition, Canvas platform course video player optimization, search engine result purification, etc.

Learn the SJTU back-to-school season fraud prevention guide.

Learn the detailed guide to phishing email prevention.

Of course, these are not all; if most of the above suggestions are the first time you have heard of them, then you may need to continue learning about information literacy.

Self-Learning Materials
Due to the vast scope of information literacy knowledge, there are currently no systematic tutorials that can comprehensively introduce various knowledge. I recommend some related tutorials for readers to choose from:

The Wisdom of Asking Questions: An article highly recommended for reading; after reading it, at least you won't write a title like "Help me out" when asking questions in the community.

Basic Computer Tutorial: If you still do not understand what file extensions are or do not know how to check your computer's IP address, then it is recommended to learn basic computer knowledge, learning those basic computer skills that computer classes do not teach. A reference learning outline: mzdluo123/SurfingTutorial.

MIT's "The Missing Lesson in Computer Education": For students who need to learn computer programming, you can check this tutorial before continuing your studies.

Information Literacy Courses: If you still do not know how to search for information on specific websites, how to distinguish the authenticity of information, or how to prevent location information from leaking on social software, then it is recommended to check these tutorials.

Information Retrieval

Information Identification

Online Privacy Protection

Beware of Study Abroad Agencies#

If your family is willing to pay for you to study abroad, please skip this chapter. You can sit down with ten agencies and say, "I am willing to pay for myself and only want to get into the top ten universities in the United States; Oxford and Cambridge can also be used as backups." Then, believe me, the agency will definitely deliver the admission notice to you on time.

However, if you do not want to increase your family's burden, or if you have at least a bit of courage and integrity, then you must stay away from the traps of agency companies! The reason why "courage" is needed is that applying will make you experience various life twists and uncertainties. It takes a bit of courage for an inexperienced student to stand up to these challenges. The reason why "integrity" is needed is that the vast majority of agency companies, when helping you apply, will engage in varying degrees of forgery in areas including material preparation, recommendation letters, and networking. Moreover, having someone else prepare your application materials is already a form of cheating.

So, what kind of technical content do these so-called expert agencies have? It is no exaggeration to say that over 90% of study abroad agencies in China are merely doing application filling-in work, which has no technical content at all. What they can do is collect a large number of application forms from target schools, fill in your basic personal information, and then piece together a Personal Statement, Writing Sample, and Letters of Recommendation from a very limited template. This application strategy not only does not provide much help but also carries a huge risk. If the behavior of using templates for plagiarism is discovered, it will bring catastrophic consequences to the applicant.

The scams of study abroad agencies
Many study abroad agencies have outsourced their services to overseas students or English teachers. Some friends I have come into contact with have also worked in related jobs. Many people apply due to extreme lack of information, leading to extreme insecurity, and strongly want to find a stable support. Agencies take advantage of this mentality, showcasing their "success stories" that turn decay into magic and using various "ineffective refund" guarantees to reassure you. However, all of this is a scam.

So far, among the hundreds of applicants I have encountered, there has not been a single case where "gorgeous packaging" improved one's strength and gained recognition from prestigious schools! If an agency claims that some people entered top schools through their services, I have an 80% certainty that this event belongs to one of the following two situations:

The agency is lying. For the sake of protecting client interests, the agency has no obligation to prove who their client was that went to Harvard last year. In other words, clients cannot prove whether someone really went to Harvard under the agency's recommendation.

The client is hired by the agency. Sometimes, the agency would rather lose money to make some students with outstanding conditions their clients. Usually, these clients have strong "hard power" (for example, having published top-level papers) and do not need any skills to apply to the world's top schools. The agency pulls these students under their wing for advertising. This situation is no different from some brain-boosting drugs using top scorers in college entrance exams for advertising—there is no way I would believe that any top scorer achieved high scores by taking medicine.

The scams of agencies do not stop there. Even if you are a student with an average background and level, they will list some well-known schools in the contract, but be aware that recently, due to the poor economic situation in the United States, some seemingly glamorous names (such as certain schools in the Ivy League) issue a staggering number of Master Program Admissions each year to support their finances (by the way, many people in the group of students going abroad from Jiaotong University belong to this situation). This kind of admission is different from what we usually call an Offer. Such programs charge extremely high tuition fees each year and do not provide any scholarship opportunities. For self-funded programs, obtaining Admission is not difficult at all, and there is no need for any so-called "application skills."

As for the "ineffective refund" guarantee, it is pure hype. A company may receive hundreds of clients each year. Even if your application fails miserably and you do not even get into a very poor backup school, when it comes to the point of needing a refund, they will only lose 1% of their exorbitant profits (the marginal cost for agencies is very low; some are simply using last year's articles, making slight modifications to become your application materials, requiring almost no extra cost. Naturally, there will be no loss in case of failure), but what you lose is a year of precious time.

Would you like to pin your hopes on an agency? If you need a third party to help you promote yourself to target schools, what is the meaning of studying abroad?

How to Effectively Utilize Agencies
Agencies usually offer some free services to attract business, in addition to high fees (starting from 30,000 to 50,000 yuan, plus about 20% commission on scholarships). In fact, when applying, you can consider effectively using these free services. The following methods may provide some insights for students:

First, prepare relevant information, such as your resume and study plan, and draft a list of target schools. You can roughly list 15 to 30 schools. Next, take your background information and go talk to Agency A.

During the conversation, you should express an attitude of "I don't care how much agency fees I pay, as long as I can get into a prestigious school and receive a full scholarship." At this point, Agency A will generally start by suppressing your enthusiasm, for example, finding some weaknesses in your application materials to make you realize how dangerous it is to apply to schools independently. However, they will then shift their tone, indicating that the company has experts who can develop a winning strategy specifically for students like you, helping you apply to good schools even in such adversity, and after a round of discussions, they will help you list a list of universities they believe you have a better chance of getting into. After the conversation, you can compare your list with the agency's and adjust your positioning. Then talk to Agency B, and then Agency C...

Through several rounds of conversations with agencies, you can refer to various application summaries written by predecessors to give yourself a relatively accurate positioning. Moreover, during negotiations, the agency's analysis of your strengths and weaknesses will also help you highlight your strengths and avoid weaknesses in future applications, making your materials more outstanding. There are several well-known agencies in Beijing and Shanghai; readers can take a look while applying, and you may have unexpected gains.

The Survival Manual for Shanghai Jiao Tong University was written in 2008 by a group of undergraduate students from Jiaotong University. Twelve years have passed, and countless Jiaotong University students have benefited from it, but some content may be outdated. Since the original author team mainly belongs to the group pursuing doctoral degrees abroad, this manual lacks aspects related to domestic further studies and employment. This project aims to produce it as a GitBook for publication and long-term maintenance, hoping to provide a small help to future students of Jiaotong University, especially thanks to the original authors of this book.

https://survivesjtu.gitbook.io/survivesjtumanual

Southern University of Science and Technology Leap Manual 2019-Fall

https://sustech-application.github.io/2019-Fall/#/%E7%94%B3%E8%AF%B7%E6%B3%A8%E6%84%8F%E4%BA%8B%E9%A1%B9/[US]15-MathFin&MFE%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%80%E7%82%B9%E5%BE%AE%E5%B0%8F%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%8F%E9%AA%8C

Associate Degree to Bachelor's Degree#

When it comes to college, almost everyone defaults to talking about undergraduate studies, and the voices of associate degree students are really very small. But actually, in the year when they turn 18, out of every 100 people, 55 go to junior colleges. Yes, it's outrageous; most people are invisible online, and even looked down upon.

We find it hard to change others' views, but at least the "Assassin's Biography" series can help you clarify the matter of transferring from an associate degree to a bachelor's degree.

In this video, I will systematically explain the complete strategy for transferring from an associate degree to a bachelor's degree, including the classification of transfers, application conditions, application restrictions, exam difficulty, and preparation methods, hoping to help you.

Two types of associate degree transfers
To reshuffle your life through an associate degree transfer, the key is information disparity. First, you need to understand the pathways for associate degree transfers. Associate degree transfer exams can be roughly divided into national unified recruitment transfers and "social transfers." National unified transfers are currently the main pathway for associate degree transfers. The naming varies in some provinces; for example, in Hebei Province, it is called "special admission to bachelor's degree," in Guangdong Province, it is called "special insertion to bachelor's degree," and in Jiangsu Province, it is called "special transfer to bachelor's degree." Other provinces are all called associate degree transfers.

Knock on the blackboard! We can take the unified exam.
Why? Because the gold content of full-time and part-time is different.

Unified recruitment transfer exams are provincial-level standardized selection exams. The selection targets are full-time ordinary college graduates from vocational colleges (associate degree) in the current year. The 3+2 model is implemented, meaning that students study full-time in ordinary colleges for three years and then take the entrance exam for full-time bachelor's degree studies for two years. After completing the required credits, they are awarded the corresponding bachelor's degree, and the bachelor's degree obtained after graduation is the first degree.

Moreover, unified recruitment transfers belong to the national plan for unified recruitment and are included in the annual ordinary college enrollment plan, enjoying the same treatment as ordinary four-year bachelor's degrees. They can also participate in graduate school entrance examinations, civil service examinations, and certification exams, and there is no difference when looking for jobs compared to ordinary bachelor's degrees.

As for social transfers, the degree obtained is a second degree. Although recognized by the state, the social recognition is low, and the actual work content is not as valuable as unified recruitment. Moreover, self-study transfers, adult college entrance examinations, and distance education are mostly based on self-study exams and online education, with a wide entrance and strict exit, and many people may not even graduate.

Many students are confused by examination institutions and end up not knowing what kind of associate degree transfer they are taking. The distinction is simple. Unified recruitment transfers lead to full-time bachelor's degrees, while social transfers, including self-study bachelor's degrees, adult college entrance examinations, distance education, and open universities, are all part-time bachelor's degrees.

Finally, it should be noted that even for unified recruitment transfers, in some provinces, the graduation certificate for transfer students will still differ from that of regular bachelor's degree students. It will indicate that it is a "bachelor's degree from an associate degree," with a study period of two years.

Exam Restrictions

Some may ask, can I take the graduate entrance exam with an associate degree? The answer is yes, but not recommended. Compared to undergraduates, associate degree students face restrictions when taking the graduate entrance exam and must meet certain requirements to apply. The basic requirement is that you must have graduated for two years to apply as "equivalent academic ability." The retest will also require additional tests. Note that the "two years of graduation" refers to the time from associate degree graduation to graduate school enrollment, so you can apply for the graduate entrance exam a little over a year after graduating from your associate degree. After a series of processes, you will be exactly two years by the time of enrollment.

In addition to the basic requirements, more than 45% of schools require English proficiency at the fourth level, no cross-major applications, published papers, etc. Additionally, a considerable number of schools do not accept associate degree students for application. Taking the graduate entrance exam directly from an associate degree not only limits your choice of schools but also makes it difficult to encounter discrimination against your degree when moving from the preliminary exam to the retest.

I have seen a student who started with an associate degree, worked hard for a year to successfully transfer to a bachelor's degree, and then reversed the situation by taking the graduate entrance exam, getting into the best 985 university in our area. Every year, they receive praise from their hometown. Therefore, it is advisable for students with an associate degree to first obtain a bachelor's degree through transfer and then participate in the master's entrance examination, as this path is relatively smoother.

Application Conditions
Returning to unified recruitment transfers, since it is a provincial-level examination, the examination requirements will vary by province. The group eligible to apply for unified recruitment transfers is full-time ordinary college graduates from unified enrollment in the current year, and they must not have committed major errors. In some provinces, such as Shandong, you need to obtain "school recommendation qualifications" to register for the exam. Other provinces require that you do not fail any courses during your associate degree studies. Unlike graduate school and civil service exams, the opportunity for most people to take the unified recruitment transfer exam is only once. Of course, there are some chosen ones. For example, if you are a resident of Guangdong Province or Tianjin City, you can apply for local universities an unlimited number of times. Liaoning Province is even better; as long as you study for your associate degree in Liaoning Province, you can apply for the transfer exam an unlimited number of times.

Since unified recruitment transfers are local examinations, generally, you cannot apply across provinces and can only take the transfer exam in the province where your associate degree school is located. Some provinces can provide a direct route, allowing you to return to your registered residence to participate. For example, students with household registration in Tianjin, Shanghai, Guangdong, Hainan, and Qinghai, as well as some retired university student soldiers, can also return to their registered residence for reference. For those with household registration in Xinjiang, Gansu, Shandong, Chongqing, Shaanxi, Hebei, and Jiangxi, even some students with associate degrees who have served in the military and completed their associate degree may be exempt from the exam to pursue a regular or adult bachelor's degree under certain regulations and reviews.

To know the specific application conditions in your province, directly search for 【某某省 2023 专升本政策】 on Baidu.

Regarding the exam method, some provinces have unified exams, such as Shandong and Chongqing, while others have schools that use self-made questions, such as Shanghai, Henan, and Sichuan. The difficulty of self-made questions is generally lower than that of unified exams.

Regarding the exam subjects, the subjects vary by province. For example, Sichuan Province only tests public courses: mathematics, English, Chinese, and computer science, while some provinces, such as Hubei Province, require both public and professional courses, with some requiring four or five subjects. The exam content for the same major in different provinces also differs. However, generally speaking, the exam subjects will involve college English + advanced mathematics or computer science (elective) + and professional courses. I have already organized the information on the exam subjects in different regions; message me "专升本" to get it.

● Associate Degree Transfer Exam Subjects: https://shimo.im/docs/Wr3DVEorY6IDnykJ
● Associate Degree Transfer Mathematics: https://shimo.im/docs/B1Aw1Ga4eKhbmgqm

Regarding the exam time, generally, the provincial education department will release the associate degree transfer policy between late April and mid-May each year, and then each school will successively announce the enrollment guidelines. The specific registration time and requirements for the associate degree transfer exam need to refer to the enrollment guidelines of each school. The specific requirements for the associate degree transfer exam will vary each year, so you need to closely monitor the local education examination institute.

Every year, many students either slack off and are misled by examination institutions to take a non-full-time exam, or they do not care about the requirements and just study according to last year's requirements, and once the policy changes, they miss key information, wasting their only opportunity for advancement. Therefore, it is essential! Essential! Essential! to pay close attention to the recruitment information released by that province.

Exam Difficulty

Of course, the associate degree transfer exam also has certain restrictions. In principle, associate degree transfers can only apply for the same or similar majors. However, different schools have different regulations, and some recruiting schools may allow applicants to apply for similar majors based on their disciplines. For example, if you study an engineering major, you can apply for other related engineering majors. The unified recruitment transfer exam is aimed at current associate degree students, and most of the undergraduate institutions that recruit associate degree students are ordinary private universities, with only a few public universities. Among public universities, only a few are 211, and there may not even be any 985.

Moreover, students transferring from an associate degree cannot participate in graduate school recommendations.

Restrictions aside, for most associate degree students, being able to improve their education through unified exams is beneficial for future graduate school applications or employment.

However, some students are still hesitant, fearing that the exam will be too difficult.

How difficult is the associate degree transfer exam?
I dare say it is not as difficult as you imagine. Among 100,000 candidates, only a few hundred or a few thousand may apply for the same school and major as you. Excluding 20% who cram at the last minute, 20% who are inconsistent in their efforts, 20% who are preparing for a bare exam with experience cards, and 20% who simply cannot study, when you actually enter the exam room, your competitors will be reduced to less than 20%. Your biggest enemy is still yourself. The difficulty of the unified recruitment transfer exam lies in a few exam papers. We have interviewed dozens of seniors who successfully transferred, and they all guarantee that the exam questions are basic questions. As long as you can overcome procrastination and maintain four hours of effective study time each day, you will be more than capable of getting into your target school. If you say you just want to slack off and cannot discipline yourself, what should you do? Turn left and click on my homepage's "self-discipline" video. Those who successfully transferred are all well-prepared individuals. Below, we will discuss how to prepare for this once-in-a-lifetime unified recruitment transfer exam that can change your fate.

Exam Preparation
Since unified recruitment transfers are aimed at current associate degree students, only full-time junior students can participate in the exam. Freshmen and sophomores should not be too excited. If you do sufficient preparatory work in advance, you will have already succeeded 80%.

First is school selection.
What to look for when applying for a major:
Look at employment prospects, your own professional foundation and interests, historical score lines, admission ratios, tuition fees, and exam subjects. When checking information, first check the relevant policies for associate degree transfers in each province, focusing on:
Application requirements, exam times, and historical recruitment information. Second, check the enrollment guidelines and historical score lines of your target schools. Enrollment guidelines are usually published a few months before the exam, so you need to estimate the score line for this year based on historical enrollment guidelines. You also need to pay attention to historical admission ratios and clarify the exam subjects and exam outlines.

Then, prepare reference books and materials.
You need to collect historical exam papers from the past five years, study the types of questions, the structure of the exam papers, and review in conjunction with textbooks, and finally time yourself for self-testing. I have also prepared where to find this information for you:

1. The official website of the provincial education examination institute. This is the most basic and authoritative website for associate degree inquiries, where you can find enrollment guidelines, professional directories, etc.
2. The website of your target school. Most universities have their own enrollment websites, which will publish relevant enrollment information, from which you can obtain the most comprehensive information about your target school, so keep a close eye.
3. Some associate degree forums and forums. The information from forums can be quite messy, and the authority and authenticity are also difficult to guarantee, but you can find a lot of experiences from predecessors who have successfully transferred. Sometimes, insider information can be the key to the information gap.
4. Various associate degree WeChat public accounts.
5. Find seniors from the previous year who participated in the exam and successfully transferred, or join associate degree groups.
6. You can also buy self-made versions online; there are plenty of resources available at low prices on various platforms. Bilibili online courses, if you don’t know, just search "associate degree English," and you can find a large number of the latest learning resources for free.
7. Finally, you can join an associate degree group to learn and socialize at the same time.

Gather information from freshman to sophomore year, and start preparing for the exam during the summer vacation of sophomore year, aiming to succeed in one year—perfect!

Finally, I want to add that you must prepare for English in advance. If your province has special requirements for English proficiency, such as passing the CET-4, do not wait until the exam before only having one chance to take the CET-4. If you are confident you can pass it in one go, then forget what I said. However, if you do not pass this time, it means you have lost the opportunity for an associate degree transfer. Friends, the CET-4 can be taken many times, but the associate degree transfer basically only has one chance!

As for whether to enroll in a training class, I suggest that students with financial conditions and poor self-learning abilities should still consider enrolling in a class. The institution can help you collect information and materials in advance, saving you a lot of time and energy. If you have questions about learning, you can directly ask the teacher. After all, the institution has received money, so they must take responsibility. However, there are many tutoring institutions on the market, so be sure to identify and choose those with good reputations, experienced teaching teams, and reasonable fees. Students with strong self-learning abilities, congratulations, you have saved a lot of money.

Social Practice#

College students' social practice involves using spare time to step into society, improve personal abilities, trigger creative inspiration, complete research topics, and contribute to society through activities learned in college. Engaging in social practice activities using theoretical knowledge learned in college is a course that every college student must take.

1. How to participate in social practice?

College students' social practice is very free; you can find social practice resources on your own and freely conceive the theme of social practice. If you have no idea, don't worry; before launching social practice projects, the school’s Youth League Committee, college Youth League Committee, and student union will issue notifications related to social practice, providing some themes for reference. Notifications can be viewed on the official websites of various schools and colleges, social media, or by asking counselors or League Committee teachers. In summary, there are two main ways to participate in social practice: finding resources on your own and registering through the school.

1. Finding on your own

Individual projects require participants to contact internship companies on their own or communicate with mentors for research and investigation. There are various ways to obtain social practice resources, mainly divided into online and offline:

• Offline: You can contact your school and frequently communicate with counselors, teachers, and seniors to consult their suggestions. Seniors are experienced, and listening to their advice will definitely not be wrong. You can also participate in school clubs (e.g., Youth Volunteer Action Guidance Center) to obtain the latest information and organize peers to participate together. Additionally, you can look for resources from social units that have recruited at your school in previous years.
• Online: Information about social practice resources is abundant; we can search for quality resources through public welfare websites (e.g., China Public Welfare Network), WeChat public accounts, Douban, Weibo, etc. However, regardless of whether online or offline, be sure to protect yourself and pay attention to safety and reliability.

2. School registration

In college practice activities, they are generally organized by the student union or volunteer association. The student union is divided into the school student union and the college student union. Different levels of student unions will have different volunteer activities; you just need to pay attention to the WeChat public account or website of the school student union, and you will see volunteer recruitment information and "three rural areas" recruitment information at the first time. Interested participants should pay attention to the notifications from various colleges and associations, timely receive information from official websites, WeChat public accounts, or QQ groups, and submit the registration form within the specified time.

2. How to determine the topic of social practice?

In social practice activities, we hope everyone can apply what they have learned to practice, standing from the perspective of college students, and have unique thoughts on the motherland and hometown, certain phenomena, or certain groups. The topic of social practice should reflect this. During the topic selection process, we should first determine the type of practice activity, then explore a certain phenomenon or event, and it is best to choose a small entry point to refine it, and finally draft a concise title. The practice topic can also reflect professional characteristics and integrate professional knowledge. The main classifications are as follows:

1. Research and innovation type

• Participate in thematic research and innovation topics organized by schools and colleges: such as targeted poverty alleviation thematic research, "thousands of people in hundreds of villages" social research, etc.
• Conceive social topics for research and innovation: you can choose a field you are interested in for investigation. Interest is the best teacher; choose a theme that all team members are interested in (such as environmental protection, Chinese traditional culture), and everyone will be more enthusiastic about completing the investigation. You can respond to the national call or focus on social hot issues (such as rural revitalization, red culture).

👉 Tips for research and innovation types:

• In fact, students can view this type of practice as a "low-cost version of a major project" or a "high-cost version of a big assignment." As long as the difficulty of the topic and the final results are between a major assignment and a major project, our project can come from this, such as breaking down a major project into several sub-projects, with the most difficult and time-consuming part as holiday practice, thus completing the social practice task while advancing the major project progress, achieving two goals with one arrow. You can also use the cultural elements within the social practice theme to integrate diverse cultures, organize related disciplines, and construct, recreate, and innovate cultural phenomena using different carriers, such as new media, Internet+, entrepreneurial categories, etc. For example, investigate local cultural customs and tourist feedback, and provide a set of plans for developing local tourism resources based on statistical analysis, etc.
• You can consult mentors and seniors for advice; experienced mentors or seniors will help you avoid many detours. So, do not be shy; ask your counselors or seek advice from the older generation!
• Good keywords for a good topic: interest, ability, resources, hot reality, small and specialized.

2. Volunteer type

• You can participate in various volunteer projects organized by the Youth League Central Committee: such as "three rural areas" social practice, youth service to the country, etc., sending culture, technology, and art to the countryside.
• Other social volunteer services: teaching assistance, policy promotion, volunteering at libraries, guiding at crosswalks, community service, pandemic volunteers, etc.

👉 Tips for volunteer types:

• Doing volunteer social practice requires combining current events and solving problems. For example, if a flood in a certain area prevents local children from going to school, we can provide support through online teaching for the children, or survey the needs of local disaster victims, or initiate a public welfare project to attract more attention and gather more strength. Solving problems means that your social practice should effectively address an issue or provide a solution. For example, if you investigate the living difficulties of left-behind children and lonely elderly people in a certain area, what help did you provide or what solutions did you propose? You can start small, such as helping lonely elderly people clean their homes or donating books and stationery to left-behind children.
• When selecting topics, everyone can focus on enhancing their hard and soft skills. For example, if you are an introverted person hoping to develop your public speaking skills, you can prioritize service guidance work at major museums and exhibition halls, and then participate in science popularization and other service projects, which will not only help visitors but also train your communication skills and speaking level; medical students can combine their major with practical experience by participating in various emergency rescue volunteer projects to cultivate their adaptability and empathy when facing patients in advance.

3. The process of social practice:

4. Preliminary stage

• Find resources: https://shimo.im/docs/0l3NVE917GFzoK3R#anchor-91Fs%20《社会实践》
• Determine the topic: https://shimo.im/docs/0l3NVE917GFzoK3R#anchor-9Xuh%20《社会实践》
• Build a team: Gather team members, hold meetings to discuss plans, and the team leader introduces their plan to everyone, then each member provides opinions and discussions based on their prior thoughts.
• Practice preparation: Understand the background situation of the social practice site, prepare survey questionnaires, and necessary living supplies.
• Develop a plan: Determine the practice plan, complete the proposal, and create a detailed practice scheme, including daily transportation information, important tasks, responsible persons, group member divisions, and precautions.

2. Mid-stage

• Read literature: Before starting practice, read a large number of relevant literature; this will greatly help familiarize you with the practice process.
• Conduct practice: Start booking tickets to the practice site, and maintain contact with the instructor and the person in charge of the practice site at all times. Hold nightly meetings to discuss and summarize the day's progress, and adjust and optimize the plan as needed. (The practice plan is not set in stone; it can be reasonably adjusted based on everyone's time arrangements and labor distribution.)
• Record the process: Use photos, videos, and text to document the practice process and results for later publicity.
• Timely news promotion: During the practice, promptly write news articles and submit them to various platforms (such as Youth Shida, China Youth Network, College Students Online) to promote practice results.

3. Post-stage

• Write a practice report: Summarize the results. A complete practice report includes preliminary preparation, practice process, and practice summary results. In addition, different practice teams can complete unique practice results based on their characteristics.
• Summarize publicity reports: Summarize the practice, write news articles for submission; make short videos from the recorded footage, which can capture beautiful moments of the practice process and can also be submitted to various platforms; create PPTs for later defense to fully showcase team work and practice results.

4. How to write a good social practice report?

In the results submission phase, everyone integrates preliminary results, refines them according to requirements, and submits results, participating in the final defense. The submitted results mainly include practice reports, practice reflections, practice photos, etc., and can also include audio, video, and other innovative forms to record the practice process, actively using public accounts and other new media platforms for publicity.

1. Components of a practice report

A complete practice report should consist of the following parts:

• Report title: The report title should be written in concise and clear language, summarizing the content and characteristics of the practice activity through the title. The title should be appropriately worded, generally not exceeding 20 words. If some details must be included in the title, to avoid lengthiness, a subtitle can be added to place the details.
• College and author name: The college name and author name should be noted below the title, with the college name in full.
• Abstract: The report should include an abstract, which reflects the main content of the report, briefly stating the basic viewpoints, methods, results, and conclusions obtained during the practice activity.
• Main text: The main text is the core content of the practice report, detailing the practice activity. This part includes the purpose of the practice activity, relevant background, time, location, personnel, investigation methods, and detailed narration of the conclusions drawn from the practice activity. It should reflect the ideological line of liberating thoughts, seeking truth from facts, and keeping pace with the times, presenting new viewpoints and new ideas; it should adhere to the principle of integrating theory with practice, guiding and referencing actual work, and proposing constructive opinions and suggestions. The content should be clear, focused, well-structured, and coherent, with a word limit generally controlled within 5,000 words.
• Conclusion: The conclusion summarizes the gains and insights from the entire practice activity, and can also include problems discovered during the practice process and corresponding solutions.
• Acknowledgments: The acknowledgment usually expresses gratitude in brief words to those who directly helped in the practice process and report writing, such as guiding teachers, answering teachers, and others.
• References: References are an essential component of the practice report, reflecting the sources of the materials used in the report, the breadth of materials, and the reliability of the materials, as well as acknowledging and respecting the knowledge achievements of others.
• Appendices: For certain content that is not suitable to be included in the main text but has reference value, it can be included in the appendices of the practice report.

2. Writing process of the practice report

• Determine the theme: The theme is the soul of the social practice report and has a decisive significance for the success or failure of the report writing. The theme of the report should be consistent with the practice theme, but it should be determined based on the results of the investigation and analysis, focusing on a specific and small theme.
• Select materials: For the systematic and complete "investigation data" obtained through statistical analysis and theoretical analysis, careful selection is still required when organizing the investigation report. It is impossible and unnecessary to include everything in the report; attention should be paid to selection. Select materials related to the theme, remove irrelevant, less significant, secondary, and non-essential materials to make the theme concentrated, distinct, and prominent; pay attention to the combination of material points and surfaces, ensuring that the materials not only support a certain viewpoint in the report but also support each other, forming a "big atmosphere" on the surface; among the existing useful materials, compare, identify, and select the best materials to support the author's opinions, making each material worth ten.
• Layout and outline drafting: This is a key link in the conception of the practice report. Layout refers to the presentation form of the practice report, and in the outline, it reflects the "skeleton" of the article. The process of drafting an outline is essentially a process of further categorizing practice materials and structuring them. The principle of structuring is: "Focus on the theme, layer by layer, and interlock." The characteristics of the outline or skeleton are its inherent logic, requiring clear headings and levels. There are two types of outlines for practice reports: one is a viewpoint outline, which lists the viewpoints formed by the investigator during the research in logical order. The other is a point-by-point outline, which expresses the chapters, sections, and headings in terms of hierarchical significance, writing them one by one. These two types of outlines can also be combined to create an outline.
• Drafting and revising the social practice report: This is the writing phase of the social practice report. Based on the determined theme, selected materials, and writing outline, write in an orderly manner. During the writing process, choose language based on practical needs and flexibly divide paragraphs. When writing, pay attention to: ① reasonable structure (title, introduction, main text, conclusion, signature); ② report text norms, with aesthetic and readability; ③ easy to read. Pay attention to the use of numbers, charts, and professional terminology, ensuring clarity and expressiveness, with accurate, vivid, and simple language. After drafting the social practice report, carefully revise it. The main focus is to check the theme, materials, structure, language, and punctuation of the report, making additions, deletions, modifications, and adjustments. Only after completing this work can it be finalized for submission or publication.

3. Tips for writing a good practice report

Writing a good practice report is beneficial for the school's review and evaluation, and may enhance competitiveness for future employment and further studies. Therefore, from the perspective of school review, a good practice report needs to:

• Reflect your civic awareness and sense of social responsibility;
• Focus as much as possible on the discipline you want to study in the future;
• Accumulate specific cases that you can discuss during the practice process to reflect your active participation;
• Be rich in content, with facts, gains, and reflections;
• Use diverse language, including diary language, media language, literary language, and scientific language;
• Summarize and conclude, with clear organization and logical levels;
• If the practice location has "red education" functions, it can also be combined with party building and group building activities.

4. The value and help brought by social practice:

College students' social practice should be done well. If you just go through the motions or slack off, you will feel that this social practice is meaningless. If you take the time to do it, whether writing articles or conducting field research, you will find that many things differ greatly from your subjective imagination. Specifically, social practice can bring many benefits to college students:

1. It is conducive to enhancing students' overall quality: paying attention to social realities, broadening horizons, establishing lofty ideals, enhancing a sense of responsibility and mission, inheriting fine traditions, and learning to handle interpersonal relationships better.

2. It prepares for employment: helping college students improve their adaptability to society, find their own positioning, and enhance their competitiveness in employment. At the same time, if the social practice activity is related to their major, we can deepen our understanding of our major and the work we will engage in in the future, and prepare for a more colorful life.

3. Participating in social practice can earn practice credits, adding a bonus for graduate school applications, scholarship evaluations, and other evaluations!

4. Practical tips for social practice

5. How to conduct publicity and submissions?

• Media email submissions: Many college students initially try this email submission method to publish news articles, mainly because submissions are usually free. As long as the media deems your content acceptable, they will publish it. However, many media websites do not have submission emails, and some college students find that after submitting to the media, they may not be published for a long time, or may never be published. Additionally, some universities have requirements for which media to publish. In summary, email submissions have a low acceptance rate, long review times, but are free and do not require payment for publication.
• Using news release platforms: Compared to media email submissions, choosing news release platforms to publish articles is much more efficient. As long as you prepare the manuscript and select the media, regardless of whether it passes the review, you will generally receive results on the same day. Moreover, before selecting media, you can view previous publication cases to see if they meet your publication requirements. The operation of publishing on the release platform is also very simple: register an account on the platform, pay the publication fee, submit the manuscript, and wait for the review results.
  • Tips: When choosing a news release platform, it is recommended to cooperate with platforms that have physical companies and are registered, and when registering a platform account, check whether the media meets your publication requirements and whether there are media you want to publish in. To ensure that it is the website and channel we want to publish in, take some time to look at the platform's publication cases before publishing.
• Through self-media: Channels such as Xiaohongshu, Weibo, WeChat public accounts, and college self-media can also be used for publication.
• Recommended media channels:
  • China Youth Campus, you can download the China Youth Campus APP for submissions.
  • China College Students Online: http://www.univs.cn
  • Today's College Students Network: http://www.todayunive.com
  • Colorful College Students Network: http://www.coluniv.com/
  • College Students Times Network: http://www.nowuniv.com
  • Today's Universities WeChat public account
  • Colorful College Students WeChat public account
  • Submit to local portal websites
  • Submit to Tencent, Sohu self-media.

2. Collective or individual?

• Collective practice: This is often seen in a project completed by a group of students from a club, major, or class. These projects usually have strong professionalism or purpose, such as a school teaching assistance team going to remote areas to teach or a major organizing all students to intern in factories to experience future work scenarios. In collective practice, everyone has their own individual tasks, and students can simply understand it as a "large group assignment."
• Individual practice: As the name suggests, this means you complete a project on your own, which means you are responsible for this project, including project initiation, practice, results summary, and defense, all done by yourself. However, unlike collective practice, the evaluation criteria for individual practice are generally lower, regardless of the quality of the results or the word count of the social practice report.

So which form of practice should we choose? You can consider the following points: 1. Personal character. If you are lively and outgoing, willing to interact with others, then collective practice will expand your social circle and is a good choice. Conversely, if you have some social anxiety, it is better to choose individual practice, as collective practice will involve a lot of communication among everyone; 2. Personal ability. If you are very strong in self-learning and independence, you can choose individual practice, as groups will limit your performance. If you feel that your skills are not many and there is still much room for improvement, then decisively choose collective practice, as you can learn a lot from the excellent people in the team, and even if you do not do well, you will still have some results.

3. Online or offline?

Before 2020, college students' holiday social practices were mainly offline, but the COVID-19 pandemic has greatly affected our lifestyle. With the arrival of holidays, many students take vacations or face the annual Spring Festival travel rush, which increases the chances of contracting the virus. Therefore, since 2020, most schools have encouraged students to participate in online practices. The advantages of online practices are convenience and safety, as they can be completed at home with just a computer. However, the disadvantages are also obvious; they greatly limit the content and quality of students' achievements, as it is impossible to conduct on-site investigations or hands-on practices, especially for students in fields such as environmental science, civil engineering, and medicine, where online practice is almost impossible. Therefore, students should comprehensively consider personal circumstances and environmental conditions when choosing online or offline practices, selecting the most suitable approach while ensuring safety.

4. Tips for practicing safely

During social practice, if outdoor work is involved, be sure to take precautions against heat, understand the surrounding environment, remember to wear masks and wash hands frequently, and ensure personal safety. At the same time, actively communicate with all parties involved in the activity, clarify agreements and contracts with companies or social organizations, and